Archive for the ‘ History of Mosaic Art ’ Category

Mosaic Art Throughout History

May 14, 2009 in History of Mosaic Art

Painting with Stone

Like sculptures, mosaics are a fairly permanent record of the artist’s skill and vision. Over the last 4,000 years, some have shown such skill that their work truly can be called painting with stone.

Painting with Stone

By Earl Hunsinger

In the fifteenth century, the Italian artist Domenico Ghirlandajo called mosaics the “true way of painting for eternity.” It is believed that mosaics originated some 4,000 years ago, although no one is sure of who first got the idea of painting with stone. By the eighth century B.C.E., builders (or artists) were using small colored stones to create patterns in pebble pavements. These were typically just unstructured decoration.

The Greeks seem to have been responsible for raising the creation of mosaics to a true art form with their creation of precise geometric patterns and depictions of people and animals. Rather than restrict themselves to the use of naturally occurring pebbles, they began to cut small stone cubes, or tesserae. These allowed more precise patterns and a greater variety of colors and tints. Tesserae that were only a few millimeters square allowed the mosaic to truly imitate the detail found in paintings. The cut surface also made the finished product more even. It could then be ground smooth, waxed, and polished

Mosaics continued to gain in popularity during the Roman period. According to the book Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, “Mosaics are among the most durable forms of decorative art to have survived from antiquity.” In fact it goes on to state that, “Pavements of this type have been found by the hundred thousand in buildings of the Roman period from northern Britain to Libya, from the Atlantic coast to the Syrian desert.”

With the decline of the Roman empire and the rise of the Byzantine empire around the fifth century C.E., mosaics took on new characteristics. They began to reflect Eastern stylistic influences and the use of glass tesserae called smalti. These were cut from thick sheets of colored glass and often backed by silver or gold leaf. Since the smalti were ungrouted, light was able to reflect freely from the metal leaf backing, as well as refract within the glass. And while the Romans had primarily used mosaics for floors, the Byzantines used them to cover ceilings and walls, often setting the pieces of glass at different angles so that the light was caught in different ways.

Although geometric designs were sometimes used, Roman mosaic art often depicted Roman gods and goddesses or domestic scenes. The Byzantines incorporated these Roman elements into their own religious mosaics. In contrast, the mosaics produced in the Islamic world were predominantly geometric or mathematical patterns. In fact, a recent article in the Journal Science says that some of these resemble a type of crystalline pattern demonstrated by a mathematician and cosmologist back in the early 1970s. According to the article, by the fifteenth century, Islamic artists had developed techniques “to construct nearly perfect quasi-crystalline Penrose patterns, five centuries before their discovery in the West.”

Today, mosaics have had a resurgence in popularity, often being used for very mundane objects, such as flowerpots, coasters, candle holders, etc. They are also used for tables and garden stepping-stones. Rather than detract from the artistic prestige of mosaics, these applications are in keeping with their humble beginning as a functional flooring material that also looked nice. Ultimately, the value of art depends, not on the medium used or the object adorned, but on the skill of the artist. Of course, this becomes even more important when you’re painting with stone.

By Buzzle Staff and Agencies
Published: 9/15/2008

xx

Other Sites to Enjoy

Technorati Tags: , , , , , ,

Leave your Comment

Learn About The History of Mosaic Art

Apr 11, 2009 in History of Mosaic Art

History of Mosaic Art

Mosaic art is one of the many beautiful forms of art that has made its presence felt throughout the years. Read this brief history of mosaic art to know many interesting facts and details.

History of Mosaic Art

Beautiful and colorful, mosaic art is certainly eye-catching on any surface. The popularity of modern mosaic designs and patterns is such that it has become a part of interior design. Artistic forms of mosaic art can be found on walls and even furniture.

So, what is mosaic art and how did it gain importance? Mosaic art is all about the creativity of an artist and how he/she makes beautiful artwork with small pieces of colored stones or even glass and other such materials. This form of art has been seen for year’s altogether. This technique is one of the widely used forms from the olden days. The history of mosaic art reveals details about this technique. Let’s take a look at the beautiful and colorful history of mosaic art.

History of mosaic art

Thousands of years ago, mosaic art was created with the help of basic tools combined with creativity. Splendid works of mosaic art have been found in various periods of different civilizations. The accurate origins of mosaic art have been difficult to trace. In the earliest seen examples, historians mention about pavements that made the use of mosaic art. This design was created with the technique of raised pebbles. The pebbles were placed in a particular manner to create geometrical patterns and shapes. The Greeks particularly used this technique in 4th century BC.

During the later period of the 4th century, mosaic art was used in early Christian art. Mosaic art was seen on the walls and ceilings of many Christian basilicas. However, not all the works have survived. (There are some that have been restored.) These mosaic art patterns depict religious themes. They are outstanding because of the colors used and the compositions as well. The mosaics at the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo need to be mentioned particularly due to the beauty of the mosaics.

By 5th century, mosaic art gained the interest of the Romans. This was evident with the beautiful designs seen in Ravenna. This city was the last capital of the Western Roman Empire. The beautiful mosaic art designs can be seen in many areas in Ravenna. It is therefore known as the ‘Capital of mosaics’.

Ravenna was later conquered by the Byzantine Empire. The development of Christian mosaics happened during the 6th century. New ideas and techniques were introduced during the Byzantine Empire. Artists used ’smalti’, which is special type of glass. The effects of this glass were simply beautiful as the pieces had tiny air bubbles, which added to the beauty of mosaic art. There is also a difference in the mosaic styles of the Roman and the Byzantine period. During the Roman period, mosaics were used to decorate the floors where as during the Byzantine period, these were used to add beauty to the walls and ceilings. The mosaics of the Byzantine period were based mainly on figurative elements.

The use of mosaic art can be seen in Islamic art as well. Islamic mosaic art was all about the use of geometric shapes. The Great Mosque at Cordoba and the Dome of the Rock located in Jerusalem is a perfect example. Mosaics were used to decorate buildings of religious significance.

Meanwhile, in Rome, it was between the 12th and the 13th century where artists developed their own distinct style. The themes were religious and also incorporated geometric designs. The scenes from the life of Mary in Santa Maria completed during this period show great angles of perspective with a touch of realism. This is one of the finest forms of mosaic art of this period.

During the Middle Ages, mosaic art continued to make a mark in various parts of Italy. Some of the best mosaics were seen in Sicily and Venice. The earliest designs have their origins back in 1225. The interiors and the facades of churches in Italy showcase some of the best designs of that period. During the latter period of the Middle Ages, frescoes were used as decoration instead of mosaics. Yet, there were many artists of the Renaissance period that preferred to stick to the mosaic technique. Great artist, Raffaello was recognized for his creation on the dome of the Chigi Chapel.

Jerusalem also had some of the finest creations of mosaic art in many holy places. These however, did not survive destruction that happened over a period of time. The Jews also incorporated this art in their synagogues. The remains of certain mosaics found by historians reveal many interesting examples of mosaic art. However, with time, churches and other religious monuments used other forms of art as a decorative element.

In the modern times, mosaic art continues to make waves and is used in many interesting ways for decoration and interiors. Artists can create creative designs with the help of the modern techniques available. Surely, the beauty of mosaic art is eternal!

By Kashmira Lad
Published: 1/8/2009

xx


History Of Mosaic Art

Mosaic is a wonderful decorative motif art used on floors, walls and several other materials. Let’s explore some interesting information on the background, history and origin of Mosaic Art.


The History of Mosaic Art

A small article on mosaic art and it’s history.  


The History of Mosaic Tile

Shard Art also took on the name “Memory Ware” because the shards often carried sentimental value or family history.


Mosaic Basics: 5 Great Projects

The video begins with a thorough introduction and overview that includes explanations about both the materials and tools needed to work in the mosaic medium. 


Spectacular Mosaic Floor Revealed in Ancient  Synagogue


Mosaic Tabernacle as an Aaronic Temple

For the rest of Israelite history until the coming of Jesus Christ, the temple performed its functions primarily through the Aaronic priesthood, the authority to perform outward and carnal ordinances, but not the authority to bring.


Mosaics and Architecture

Throughout recorded history, the ancient people have already used mosaic in architecture. For example, the Roman Empire was quite known for mosaics. Roman structures boast of mosaic floors with various patterns and designs.

Other Sites to Enjoy

Technorati Tags: , , , , ,

Comments (2)